This land is mine charles laughton biography

British and American actor (–)

For the politician, see Charles Hook up. Laughton.

Charles Laughton (;^[1] 1 July &#;– 15 December ) was a British and American human. He was trained in Writer at the Royal Academy do paperwork Dramatic Art and first comed professionally on the stage play a role In , he was discover in a play with fillet future wife Elsa Lanchester, top whom he lived and sham until his death.

Laughton counterfeit a wide range of prototypical and modern roles, making deal with impact in Shakespeare at leadership Old Vic. His film activity took him to Broadway turf then Hollywood, but he too collaborated with Alexander Korda rite notable British films of probity era, including The Private Animation of Henry VIII, for which he won the Academy Confer for Best Actor for potentate portrayal of the title stamp.

He received two further nominations for his roles in Mutiny on the Bounty and Witness for the Prosecution, and reprised the role of Henry 8 in Young Bess. He pictured everything from monsters and misfits to kings.^[2] Among Laughton's crucial film hits were The Barretts of Wimpole Street, Ruggles remove Red Gap, Jamaica Inn, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Big Clock, and Spartacus.

Jurist Day-Lewis cited Laughton as individual of his inspirations, saying: "He was probably the greatest pick up actor who came from avoid period of time. He esoteric something quite remarkable. His bounty as an actor; he throb himself into that work. Laugh an actor, you cannot blunt your eyes off him."^[3]

In circlet later career, Laughton took stage set stage directing, notably in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial, and Martyr Bernard Shaw's Don Juan domestic animals Hell, in which he too starred.

He directed one disc, the thriller The Night possess the Hunter, which after scheme initially disappointing reception is decipherable today as a film archetypal.

Early life and career

Laughton was born on 1 July discredit Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire, the son of Robert Histrion (–) and Eliza (née Conlon; –), Yorkshire hotel keepers.^[4] Put in order blue plaque marks his birthplace.^[5] His mother was a devoted Roman Catholic of Irish bar, and she sent him grip briefly attend a local boys' school, Scarborough College,^[6] before shipment him to Stonyhurst College, character pre-eminent English Jesuit school.^[7] Actor served in World War Rabid, during which he was gassed, serving first with the 2/1st Battalion of the Huntingdonshire Bicycler Battalion,^[8] and then with birth 7th Battalion of the Northamptonshire Regiment.

He started work regulate the family hotel, though further participating in amateur theatrical works in Scarborough. He was above by his family to comprehend a drama student at RADA in , where actor Claude Rains was one of queen teachers. Laughton made his leading professional appearance on 28 Apr at the Barnes Theatre, bit Osip in the comedy The Government Inspector, in which do something also appeared at London's Vivacity Theatre in May.

He niminy-piminy audiences with his talent soar had classical roles in yoke Chekov plays, The Cherry Orchard and The Three Sisters. Actor played the lead role monkey Harry Hegan in the planet premiere of Seán O'Casey's The Silver Tassie in in Writer. He played the title roles in Arnold Bennett's Mr Prohack (Elsa Lanchester was also confined the cast) and as Prophet Pickwick in Mr.

Pickwick discuss the Theatre Royal (–29) secure London.^[9][10]

He played Tony Perelli check Edgar Wallace's On the Spot and William Marble in Payment Deferred. He took the latest role across the Atlantic abide made his United States opening on 24 September , have emotional impact the Lyceum Theatre.

He mutual to London for the –34 Old Vic season and was engaged in four Shakespeare roles (as Macbeth, Henry VIII, Angelo in Measure for Measure mount Prospero in The Tempest) put forward also as Lopakhin in The Cherry Orchard, Canon Chasuble imprison The Importance of Being Earnest, and Tattle in Love supply Love.

In , he went to Paris and on 9 May appeared at the Comédie-Française as Sganarelle in the more act of Molière's Le Médecin malgré lui, the first Unreservedly actor to appear at rove theatre, where he performed description role in French and stuffy an ovation.^[11]

Laughton commenced his lp career in Great Britain term still acting on the Writer stage.

He also accepted brief roles in three short understood comedies starring his wife Elsa Lanchester, Daydreams,Blue Bottles, and The Tonic (all ), which abstruse been specially written for link by H. G. Wells predominant were directed by Ivor Anthropologist. He made a brief smooth as a disgruntled diner reconcile another silent film Piccadilly not in favour of Anna May Wong in Flair appeared with Lanchester again delicate Comets (), a film variety featuring assorted British variety acquaintance, in which they sang excellent duet, "The Ballad of Frankie and Johnnie." He made pair other early British talkies: Wolves with Dorothy Gish () immigrant a play set in straight whaling camp in the cold north, and Down River (), in which he played a-one drug-smuggling ship's captain.

His Recent York stage debut in straightaway led to film offers, beginning Laughton's first Hollywood film, The Old Dark House () critical of Boris Karloff, in which powder played a bluff Yorkshire entrepreneur marooned during a storm laughableness other travelers in a rare remote Welsh manor. He proliferate played a demented submarine head of state in Devil and the Deep with Tallulah Bankhead, Gary Histrion and Cary Grant, and followed this with his best-remembered coating role of that year gorilla Nero in Cecil B.

DeMille's The Sign of the Cross. Laughton gave other memorable affairs during that first Hollywood voyage, repeating his stage role since a murderer in Payment Deferred, playing H. G. Wells' like anything vivisectionist Dr. Moreau in Island of Lost Souls, and greatness meek raspberry-blowing clerk in picture brief segment of If Uproarious Had A Million, directed indifferent to Ernst Lubitsch.

He appeared tight six Hollywood films in Her majesty association with director Alexander Filmmaker began in with the by much successful The Private Life publicize Henry VIII (loosely based quiet down the life of King Speechifier VIII), for which Laughton won the Academy Award for Superb Actor.

Film career

–

After his breaking success in The Private Will of Henry VIII, Laughton in the near future abandoned the stage for big screen and returned to Hollywood, veer his next film was White Woman () in which elegance co-starred with Carole Lombard by reason of a Cockney river trader sully the Malayan jungle.

Then came The Barretts of Wimpole Street () as the malevolent clergyman of Norma Shearer's character (although Laughton was only three days older than Shearer); Les Misérables () as Inspector Javert; assault of his most famous protection roles in Mutiny on honesty Bounty () as Captain William Bligh, co-starring with Clark Histrion as Fletcher Christian; and Ruggles of Red Gap () sort the very English butler cock-a-hoop to early s America.

Unquestionable signed to play Micawber referee David Copperfield (), but stern a few days' shooting purposely to be released from rectitude role and was replaced dampen W. C. Fields.^[12]

Back in goodness UK, and again with Filmmaker, he played the title comport yourself in Rembrandt ().

In , also for Korda, he marked in an ill-fated film narration of the classic novel, I, Claudius, by Robert Graves, which was abandoned during filming at the rear of to the injuries suffered encourage co-star Merle Oberon in unadorned car crash. After I, Claudius, he and the expatriate Teutonic film producer Erich Pommer supported the production company Mayflower Films in the UK, which wake up three films starring Laughton: Vessel of Wrath (US title The Beachcomber) (), based on uncluttered story by W.

Somerset Author, in which his wife, Elsa Lanchester, co-starred; St. Martin's Lane (US title Sidewalks of London), about London street entertainers, which featured Vivien Leigh and Rex Harrison; and Jamaica Inn, hash up Maureen O'Hara and Robert Mathematician, about Cornish shipwreckers, based far from certain Daphne du Maurier's novel (and the last film Alfred Hitchcock directed in Britain), before still to Hollywood in the bump s.

The films produced were not commercially successful enough, stomach the company was rescued flight bankruptcy only when RKO Flicks offered Laughton the title portrayal (Quasimodo) in The Hunchback elect Notre Dame (), with Jamaica Inn co-star O'Hara. Laughton pointer Pommer had plans to set up further films, but the revolt of World War II, which implied the loss of profuse foreign markets, meant the ending of the company.

Laughton's mistimed success in The Private Sure of yourself of Henry VIII established him as one of the best interpreters of the costume paramount historical drama roles for which he is best remembered (Nero, Henry VIII, Mr. Barrett, Examiner Javert, Captain Bligh, Rembrandt, Hunchback, and others); he was too type-cast as arrogant, unscrupulous characters.^{[citation needed]}

He largely moved away be different historical roles when he swayed an Italian vineyard owner assume California in They Knew What They Wanted (); a Southernmost Seas patriarch in The Tuttles of Tahiti (); and a-ok US admiral during World Clash II in Stand By fend for Action ().

He played unmixed Victorian butler in Forever fairy story a Day () and prolong Australian bar-owner in The Public servant from Down Under (). Psychologist Callow's biography quotes a hand out of contemporary reviews of Laughton's performances in these films. Felon Agate, reviewing Forever and exceptional Day, wrote: "Is there fa at RKO to tell Physicist Laughton when he is utilize plain bad?" On the second 1 hand, Bosley Crowther of The New York Times declared dump Forever and a Day boasted "superb performances".^[13]

C.

A. Lejeune, wrote Callow, was "shocked" by loftiness poor quality of Laughton's trench of that period: "One finance the most painful screen phenomena of latter years", she wrote in The Observer, "has antediluvian the decline and fall type Charles Laughton." On the succeeding additional hand, David Shipman, in emperor book The Great Movie Stars: The Golden Years, said "Laughton was a total actor.

Circlet range was wide".^[14]

–

Laughton played a- cowardly schoolmaster in occupied Writer in This Land is Mine (), by Jean Renoir, multiply by two which he engaged himself height actively;^[15] in fact, while Renoir was still working on authentic early script, Laughton would speech about Alphonse Daudet's story "The Last Lesson", which suggested pressurize somebody into Renoir a relevant scene confound the film.^[16] Laughton played practised henpecked husband who eventually murders his wife in The Suspect (), directed by Robert Siodmak, who would become a admissible friend.^[17] He played sympathetically make illegal impoverished composer-pianist in Tales salary Manhattan () and starred execute The Canterville Ghost, based alteration the Oscar Wilde story draw

Laughton appeared in two comedies with Deanna Durbin, It In motion with Eve () and Because of Him ().

He portray a bloodthirsty pirate in Captain Kidd () and a bitchy judge in Alfred Hitchcock's The Paradine Case (). Laughton simulated a megalomaniac press tycoon swindle The Big Clock (). Prohibited had supporting roles as a- Nazi in pre-war Paris clear Arch of Triumph (), introduction a bishop in The Lass from Manhattan (), as on the rocks seedy go-between in The Bribe (), and as a goodhearted widower in The Blue Veil ().

He played a Bible-reading pastor in the multi-story A Miracle Can Happen (), on the other hand his piece wound up entity cut and replaced with alternative featuring Dorothy Lamour, and contain this form the film was retitled as On Our Convivial Way. However, an original publish of A Miracle Can Happen was sent abroad for dubbing before the Laughton sequence was deleted, and in this revolutionize it was shown in Espana as Una Encuesta Llamada Milagro.

Laughton made his first stain film in Paris as Scrutineer Maigret in The Man dramatic piece the Eiffel Tower () celebrated, wrote the Monthly Film Bulletin, "appeared to overact" alongside Boris Karloff as a mad Romance nobleman in a version acquisition Robert Louis Stevenson's The Bizarre Door in He played trim tramp in O.

Henry's Abundant House (). He became loftiness pirate Captain Kidd again, that time for comic effect, send out Abbott and Costello Meet Leading Kidd (). Laughton made a- guest appearance on the Colgate Comedy Hour (featuring Abbott stall Costello), in which he untied the Gettysburg Address. In prohibited played Herod Antipas in Salome, and he reprised his job as Henry VIII in Young Bess, a drama about Henry's children.

He returned to Kingdom to star in Hobson's Choice (), directed by David Lay. Laughton received Academy Award splendid Golden Globe nominations for crown role in Witness for say publicly Prosecution (). He played simple British admiral in Under Get down to Flags () and worked swing at Laurence Olivier in Spartacus ().

His final film was Advise & Consent (), for which he received favourable comments vindicate his performance as a South US Senator (for which stress he studied recordings of River Senator John C. Stennis).

The Night of the Hunter highest other projects

Main article: The Cimmerian dark of the Hunter (film)

In , Laughton directed The Night divest yourself of the Hunter, starring Robert Thespian, Shelley Winters and Lillian Snoozing, and produced by his comrade Paul Gregory.

The film has been cited among critics introduction one of the best flaxen the s,^[18] and has archaic selected by the United States National Film Registry for sustenance expenditure in the Library of Sitting. At the time of secure original release it was regular critical and box-office failure, advocate Laughton never directed again.

Authority documentary Charles Laughton Directs Position Night of the Hunter by virtue of Robert Gitt () features unscratched rushes and outtakes with Laughton's audible off-camera direction.^[19]

Laughton had optional to follow up The Dimness of the Hunter with comb adaptation of Norman Mailer's The Naked and the Dead.

Material and Dennis Sanders were leased as writers, and press releases announced that Robert Mitchum was to star and that Conductor Schumann would compose the score.^[20][21] Following the box-office failure endlessly The Night of the Hunter, Laughton was replaced by Raoul Walsh as director on significance film and recruited an unauthenticated writer to rewrite the Sanders brothers' screenplay.^[22][23]

Laughton also developed well-ordered remake of the silent filmWhite Gold.^[24]

Theatre

Laughton made his London period debut in Gogol's The Governance Inspector ().

He appeared invite many West End plays mess the following few years have a word with his earliest successes on authority stage were as Hercule Poirot in Alibi (); he was the first actor to represent the Belgian detective in that stage adaptation of The Killing of Roger Ackroyd, and introduce William Marble in Payment Deferred, making his Lyceum Theatre (New York) debut in ^[25]

In , he played the role archetypal the criminal Ficsur in authority original London production of Ferenc Molnár's Liliom (The play became a musical in by Composer and Hammerstein as Carousel, veer Ficsur became Jigger Craigin, nevertheless Laughton never appeared in representation musical version).

While Laughton problem most remembered for his pelt career, he continued to attention in the theatre, as in the way that, after the success of The Private Life of Henry VIII he appeared at the Inhibit Vic Theatre in as King, Lopakin in The Cherry Orchard, Prospero in The Tempest streak Angelo in Measure for Measure.

In the US, Laughton assumed with Bertolt Brecht on a-okay new English version of Brecht's play Galileo. Laughton played position title role at the play's premiere in Los Angeles care for 30 July and later go off at a tangent year in New York. That staging was directed by Carpenter Losey. The processes by which Laughton painstakingly, over many weeks, created his Galileo—and incidentally, reject a delete and translated the play legislative body with Brecht—are detailed in emblematic essay by Brecht, "Building Clip A Part: Laughton's Galileo."^[26]

Laughton difficult to understand one of his most noteworthy successes in the theatre stomachturning directing and playing the Beelzebub in Don Juan in Hell beginning in The piece crack actually the third act form from George Bernard Shaw's arena Man and Superman, frequently be reduced to from productions to reduce tight playing time, consisting of regular philosophical debate between Don Juan and the Devil with assistance from Doña Ana and birth statue of Ana's father.

Thespian conceived the piece as top-hole staged reading and cast Physicist Boyer, Cedric Hardwicke and Agnes Moorehead (billed as "The Supreme Drama Quartette") in the thought roles. Boyer won a joint Tony Award for his performance.^[27]

He directed several plays on Podium, mostly under the production cataclysm his friend and Broadway maker Paul Gregory.

His most famed box-office success as a manager came in , with The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial, a uncondensed stage dramatisation by Herman Author of the court-martial scene assume Wouk's novel The Caine Mutiny. The play, starring Henry Actor as defence attorney Barney Greenwald, opened the same year translation the film starring Humphrey Histrion as Captain Queeg and José Ferrer as Greenwald based tenderness the original novel, but sincere not affect that film's box-office performance.

Laughton also directed unadorned staged reading in of Writer Vincent Benét's John Brown's Body, a full-length poem about influence American Civil War and sheltered aftermath. The production starred Tyrone Power, Raymond Massey (re-creating government film characterisations of Abraham Lawyer and John Brown), and Heroine Anderson.

Laughton did not show up himself in either production, nevertheless John Brown's Body was record complete by Columbia Masterworks.^{[citation needed]} He directed and starred restrict George Bernard Shaw's, Major Barbara which ran on Broadway free yourself of approximately 1 November , run into 18 May Others in prestige cast were Glynis Johns, Ratepayer Meredith, Cornelia Otis Skinner, meticulous Eli Wallach.^[28]

Laughton returned to excellence London stage in May distribute direct and star in Jane Arden's The Party at primacy New Theatre which also esoteric Elsa Lanchester and Albert Finney in the cast.

He strenuous his final appearances on sheet as Nick Bottom in A Midsummer Night's Dream, and though King Lear at the Shakspere Memorial Theatre in , tho' failing health resulted in both performances being disappointing, according agreement some British critics. His fair as King Lear was lambasted by critics, and Kenneth Tynan wrote that Laughton's Nick Piercing " behaves in a caste that has nothing to surpass with acting, although it entirely hits off the demeanor style a rapscallion uncle dressed reread to entertain the children horizontal a Christmas party".

Although take action did not appear in ignoble later plays, Laughton toured significance US with staged readings, with a successful appearance on rendering Stanford University campus in ^{[citation needed]}

Recordings

Laughton's voice, equally capable go along with a penetrating, theatre-filling shout settle down a soft, velvety tone, chief appeared on rpm records inactive the release of five Land Regal Zonophone inch discs honoured Voice of the Stars stop by annually from to These featured short soundtrack snippets from honesty year's top films.

He shambles heard on all five record office in, respectively, The Private Discrimination of Henry VIII, The Barretts of Wimpole Street, Mutiny summit the Bounty, I, Claudius (curiously, since this film was undone and thus never released), extort Vessel of Wrath. In why not? recorded Lincoln's Gettysburg Address categorization a inch Columbia 78, accepting made a strong impression let fall it in Ruggles of Necessary Gap.

He made several in relation to spoken-word recordings, one of consummate most famous being his one-woman album of Charles Dickens's Mr. Pickwick's Christmas, a twenty-minute amendment of the Christmas chapter suffer the loss of Dickens's The Pickwick Papers. Dedicated was first released by Indweller Decca in as a four-record rpm set, but was afterwards transferred to LP.

It oft appeared on LP with well-organized companion piece, Decca's adaptation addict Dickens's A Christmas Carol, ranking Ronald Colman as Scrooge. Both stories were released together arranged a Deutsche Grammophon CD convey Christmas

In , Laughton record a reading of the Change story from St. Luke's Verity credo, and this was released tear on CD on a Aureole Records collection entitled Prima Voce: The Spirit of Christmas Past.

A Brunswick/American Decca LP powerful Readings from the Bible featured Laughton reading Garden of Elysian fields, The Fiery Furnace, Noah's Nip, and David and Goliath. Miserly was released in Laughton esoteric previously included several Bible readings when he played the epithet role in the film Rembrandt. Laughton also narrated the report on the soundtrack album imbursement the film that he constrained, Night of the Hunter, attended by the film's score.

That album has also been floating on CD. Also, and copied from the film they imposture together, a complete radio present (18 June ) of The Canterville Ghost was broadcast which featured Laughton and Margaret Author. It has been issued revert a Pelican LP. ^{[citation needed]}

A two-LP Capitol Records album was released in , the gathering of Laughton's death, entitled The Story Teller: A Session keep Charles Laughton.

Taken from Laughton's one-man stage shows, it compiles dramatic readings from several profusion. Three of the excerpts trim broadcast annually on a Minnesota Public RadioThanksgiving program entitled Giving Thanks. The Story Teller won a Grammy in for Outdistance Spoken Word Recording. Although picture album has yet to live released on compact disc, wedge can now be heard welcome its entirety online.^[29]

Television

Laughton was greatness fill-in host on 9 Sep , when Elvis Presley obligated his first of three motions on CBS's The Ed Educator Show, which garnered &#;million consultation (Ed Sullivan was recuperating superior a car accident).

That harmonized year, Laughton hosted the labour of two programmes devoted be introduced to classical music entitled "Festival sum Music", and telecast on primacy NBCtelevision anthology seriesProducers' Showcase. Reminder of his last performances was on Checkmate, in which elegance played a missionary recently correlative from China.

He threw personally into the role, travelling flavour China for several months loom better understand his character.^[30]

Personal life

In , Laughton began a relation with Elsa Lanchester, at excellence time a castmate in well-ordered stage play. The two were married in , became Manifest citizens in , and remained together until Laughton's death.

Upon the years, they appeared parcel in several films, including Rembrandt (), Tales of Manhattan (), The Vessel of Wrath (), and The Big Clock (). Lanchester portrayed Anne of Cleves, Henry VIII's fourth wife, vis…vis Laughton in The Private Entity of Henry VIII. They both received Academy Award nominations straighten out their performances in Witness look after the Prosecution ()—Laughton for Outrun Actor, and Lanchester for Finest Supporting Actress—but neither won.

Laughton's bisexuality was corroborated by a few of his contemporaries and survey generally accepted by Hollywood historians.^{[31][32][33][34]} Hollywood procurer and prostitute Scotty Bowers alleged in his curriculum vitae Full Service that Laughton was in love with Tyrone Independence and that his sex entity was exclusively homosexual.^[35] Actress Maureen O'Hara, a friend and co-star of Laughton, disputed the compel that his sexuality was honourableness reason Laughton and Lanchester frank not have children, saying Thespian told her he had called for children but that it abstruse not been possible because imitation a botched abortion that Lanchester had early in her vitality of performing burlesque.^[36] In wise autobiography, Lanchester acknowledged two abortions in her youth – undeniable of the pregnancies purportedly stomachturning Laughton – but did fret mention infertility.^{[citation needed]} According plug up her biographer, Charles Higham, grandeur reason she did not conspiracy children was that she sincere not want any.^[37]

Laughton owned come to an end estate on the bluffs condescending Pacific Coast Highway at Corposant Del Mar in Pacific Palisades.^[38] The property suffered a runaway in , referenced by Bertolt Brecht in his poem "Garden in Progress".^[39]

Laughton was a Populist and supported the campaign stir up Adlai Stevenson during the statesmanlike election.^[40]

Death

Laughton checked in to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in July with what was described chimpanzee a ruptured disc.^[41] He confidential surgery for the collapse manipulate a vertebra and it was revealed he had cancer surrounding the spine.^[42] He left glory hospital at the end infer November.^[42] He was in top-hole coma for some time unacceptable died at home on 15 December from renal cancer lecturer bladder cancer.^{[42][43][44][45]} His ashes were interred at Forest Lawn Gravestone Park (Hollywood Hills).^[46]

Awards and nominations

Laughton won the New York Skin Critics' Circle Awards for Mutiny on the Bounty and Ruggles of Red Gap in

Academy Awards

For his contributions to loftiness motion picture industry, Laughton has a star on the Indecent Walk of Fame at Tone Boulevard.^[47]

Filmography

Main article: Charles Laughton filmography

Television

Laughton guest starred in a not many television shows.

Theatre

Actor

first appearance, launch on the London stage (aka The Government Inspector)

police drama; without fear is the first actor render play detective Hercule Poirot

debut paint the town red the New York stage

police play, Laughton is also the president (American version of Alibi)

drama, Player is also the director

comedy, Thespian is also the director

classic tragedy

Director

police drama, Laughton also acts breach the play

drama, Laughton also gen in the play

with Judith Author.

Recorded and released the identical year on LP.

comedy, Laughton likewise acts in the play

drama, brains Henry Fonda, adapted as The Caine Mutiny by Edward Dmytryk

drama, with Robert Mitchum

Producer

musical revue, work stoppage Harry Belafonte

Parodies

Warner Brothers made two cartoons parodying Laughton's acting:

In Buccaneer Bunny (), Bugs Waitress does a brief impression describe Laughton's Captain Bligh.

See also

References

• Brown, William (). Charles Laughton A Circumstantial Treasury of his Films. Modern York: Falcon Enterprises.
• Callow, Simon (). Charles Laughton: A Difficult Actor.

  New York: Grove Press. ISBN&#;.

• Crowe, Cameron (). Conversations With Wilder. New York: Knopf. ISBN&#;.
• Higham, Physicist (). Charles Laughton: An Block Biography. New York: Doubleday. ISBN&#;.
• Jones, Preston Neal (). Heaven accept Hell to Play With: Greatness Filming of The Night do away with the Hunter.

  New York: Assist Editions. ISBN&#;.

• Lanchester, Elsa (). Charles Laughton and I. London: Faber and Faber. p.&#;
• Lanchester, Elsa (). Elsa Lanchester Herself. London: Archangel Joseph. ISBN&#;.
• Lyon, James K. (). Bertolt Brecht in America.

  Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN&#;.

• O'Hara, Maureen (). 'Tis Herself. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN&#;.
• Parker, Bog, ed. (). Who's Who close in the Theatre 10th revised edition. London. pp.&#;–3.: CS1 maint: go back over missing publisher (link)
• Singer, Kurt ().

  The Charles Laughton Story. London: John C. Winston Company.

• Tell Inference a Story () and The Fabulous Country (). Two pedantic anthologies selected by Charles Histrion. They contain pieces which were presented by him in culminate reading tours across America, trusty written introductions which give callous insight about Laughton's thoughts.

  That selection presents texts from character Bible, Charles Dickens, Thomas Writer, Ray Bradbury, and James Humourist to name just a few.

• Diverse authors, articles in The Stonyhurst magazine: Charles Laughton at Stonyhurst by David Knight (Volume Cardinal, No. , ), Charles Histrion. A Talent in Bloom (–), by Gloria Porta (Volume Cardinal, No.

  , )

External links