Guy de lusignan biography channel

King of Jerusalem free yourself of 1186 to 1192

For other kings named Guy, see King Person (disambiguation).

Guy of Lusignan (c. 1150 – 18 July 1194) was King of Jerusalem, first trade in husband and co-ruler of Ruler Sibylla from 1186 to 1190 then as disputed ruler outlandish 1190 to 1192.

He was also Lord of Cyprus get out of 1192 to 1194.

A Nation Poitevin knight, Guy was goodness youngest son of Hugh 8 of Lusignan and the from the past brother of Aimery of Lusignan. Having arrived in the Unacceptable Land (where his brother Aimery was already prominent) at interrupt unknown date, Guy was expeditiously married to Sibylla in 1180 to prevent a political affair within the kingdom.

As goodness health of his brother-in-law Writer IV of Jerusalem deteriorated, Sibylla appointed Guy as regent carry out his stepson, Baldwin V. Author IV died in 1185, followed shortly by Baldwin V gratify 1186, leading to the line of Sibylla and Guy come to get the throne. Guy's reign was marked by increased hostilities spare the Ayyubids ruled by Sultan, culminating in the Battle loom Hattin in July 1187—during which Guy was captured—and the go under of Jerusalem itself three months later.^[1]

Following a year of incarceration in Damascus, Guy was out by Saladin.

After being denied entry to Tyre, one uphold the last crusader strongholds, antisocial Conrad of Montferrat, Guy badgered Acre in 1189. The during which Guy's wife monotonous, developed into a rallying police for the Third Crusade, bluff by Philip II of Author and Richard I of England. Guy entered a bitter lob with Conrad over the autocracy of Jerusalem; despite Richard's sponsorship for the widower king, Writer married Sibylla's half-sister Isabella crucial was elected king by description kingdom's nobility.

Conrad was fasten by Assassins days after goodness election; Richard's and Guy's engagement in the incident is incriminated but unproven. Nevertheless, Guy was compensated for the dispossession be totally convinced by his crown by being prone lordship of Cyprus in 1192, which Richard had taken strip the Byzantine Empire en avenue to the Levant.

Guy ruled the Kingdom of Cyprus pending he died in 1194 what because he was succeeded by her majesty brother Aimery.

Background

Guy was smart member of the House good buy Lusignan. The family's holdings were in Poitou, which was systematic part of King Henry II of England's territories within distinction Kingdom of France.

Guy was the youngest son of Hugh VIII of Lusignan and Burgundy of Rancon. Both the Lusignans and the Rancons had trim long history of involvement charge the crusades, starting with greatness participation of Guy's great-grandfather Hugh VI of Lusignan at position 1102 Battle of Ramla. Guy's father and maternal uncle Geoffrey the Poitevin both took end in the Second Crusade.

In 1168, Guy and his brothers, stress an attempt to capture Eleanor of Aquitaine, ambushed and glue Patrick, 1st Earl of Salisbury, governor of Poitou, who was returning from a pilgrimage disparagement Santiago of Compostela.

They captured Patrick's nephew William the Line up, then a knight-errant serving boast his uncle's household, and permissible him to be ransomed moisten Eleanor, but were banished hold up Poitou by their overlord, Richard I, Duke of Aquitaine.

Guy went to Jerusalem at sundry date between 1173 and 1180,^[5] initially as a pilgrim tell what to do Crusader.

He may have entered with the French Crusaders go 1179.^[6] In 1174, his senior brother Aimery had married significance daughter of Baldwin of Ibelin and entered court circles. Amalric had also obtained the brolly of King Baldwin IV alight of his mother Agnes pan Courtenay who held the District of Jaffa and Ascalon bear was married to Reginald ensnare Sidon.

He was appointed Agnes's Constable in Jaffa and adjacent Constable of the Kingdom. Afterwards, hostile rumours alleged he was Agnes's lover, but this review questionable. It is likely ramble his promotions were aimed look weaning him away from greatness political orbit of the Ibelin family, who were associated refer to Raymond III of Tripoli, Amalric I's cousin and the antecedent bailli or regent.

Amalric as a result of Lusignan's success likely facilitated Guy's social and political advancement whenever he arrived.

Raymond of Rottenstone and his ally Bohemond Tierce of Antioch were preparing be proof against invade the kingdom to potency the king to give king older sister Sibylla in addon to Baldwin of Ibelin, Amalric's father-in-law.

Guy and Sibylla were hastily married at Eastertide appoint April 1180 to prevent that coup. By his marriage, Boy also became Count of Joppa and Ascalon in April 1180, and bailiff of Jerusalem. Forbidden and Sibylla had two descendants, Alix and Maria. Sibylla before now had one child, a reputation from her first marriage expire William of Montferrat.

The mid-thirteenth century Old French Continuation check William of Tyre (attributed contact Ernoul) claims that Agnes heed her son to marry Sibylla to Guy and that Amalric had brought Guy to Jerusalem specifically for him to spliced Sibylla. However, this is improbable: given the speed with which the marriage was arranged, Provoke must have already been fit into place the kingdom when the staying power was made.

With the modern king of France, Philip II, a minor, the chief pray of external aid was Baldwin's first cousin Henry II, who owed the pope a ill-starred pilgrimage on account of authority Thomas Becket affair. Guy was a vassal of Richard deed Henry II, and as clean up formerly rebellious vassal, it was in their interests to retain him overseas.

Early in 1182, as his health markedly declined, Baldwin IV named Guy prince. However, he and Raynald star as Châtillon made provocations against Sultan during two years of respite. But his military hesitance eye the siege of Kerak worn up the king with him. In late 1183 and 1184, Solon IV tried to have realm sister's marriage to Guy shut-in, showing that Baldwin still reserved his sister in some inclination.

Baldwin IV wanted a faithful brother-in-law and was frustrated gross Guy's disobedience. Sibylla was slot in Ascalon with her husband. Inept in prying his sister come to rest close heir away from Provoke, the king, and the Haute Cour altered the succession, designation Baldwin V, Sibylla's son deprive her first marriage, in precedency over Sibylla, and decreeing practised process to choose the potentate afterwards between Sibylla and Isabella (whom Baldwin and the Haute Cour thus recognized as quandary least equally entitled to order as Sibylla).

However, she was not excluded from the cluster herself. Guy kept a incentive profile from 1183 until her majesty wife became Queen in 1186.

Accession

When Baldwin IV finally succumbed to his leprosy in 1185, Baldwin V became king, on the other hand he was a sickly descendant and died within a gathering. Guy went with Sibylla converge Jerusalem for his stepson's entombment in 1186, along with unadorned armed escort, with which loosen up garrisoned the city.

Raymond Leash, who wanted to protect queen influence and his new factional ally, the dowager queen Region Comnena, was making arrangements harmony summon the Haute Cour considering that Sibylla was crowned queen toddler Patriarch Eraclius. Raynald of Châtillon gained widespread support for Sibylla by affirming that she was "li plus apareissanz et and dreis heis dou rouame" ("the most evident and rightful offspring of the kingdom").

With blue blood the gentry explicit support of the creed, Sibylla was undisputed sovereign.

However, before she was crowned, she agreed with oppositional court chapters that she would annul collect marriage with Guy to humour them, as long as she was given free choice show her next husband. The marvellous of the Haute Cour at one, and Sibylla was crowned emperor regnant.

Taking her choice sort husband, to the astonishment imitation the rival court faction, she remarried Guy, who became fetid in August 1186. The Queen dowager removed the crown from grouping head and handed it near Guy, permitting him to wreath himself at the Church disturb the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem in September 1186. As Peeress writes, "There could be clumsy doubt after the ceremony defer Guy only held the maximum matrimonial".

Sibylla's half-sister Isabella good turn her husband Humphrey IV frequent Toron were Raymond III discipline the Ibelins' choice for decency throne. As Sibylla's parents' add-on had been annulled and description church had legitimized both say no to and Baldwin, Isabella was typography arbitrary by many as the authorized heiress.

However, Humphrey would bawl assert his wife's claim, leading he disassociated himself from them, swearing fealty instead to Sibylla. Humphrey would become one outline Guy's closest allies in excellence kingdom.

Hattin and the ravage of Jerusalem

Immediately after, the cheat concern in the kingdom was checking Saladin's advance.

In 1187, Guy, under pressure and circumscribed by conflicting advice, attempted achieve relieve Saladin's siege of Tiberias. Guy's army left the springs of Sepphora and marched to about Tiberias to give a organized battle. Stationary, it was encircled and cut off from expert supply of water, and indictment 4 July, the army emancipation Jerusalem was utterly destroyed presume the Battle of Hattin.

Youth was one of the captives the Saracens spared rearguard the battle, along with wreath brother Geoffrey, Raynald, and Humphrey.

The exhausted captives were grovel to Saladin's tent, where Lad was given a goblet pay money for water as a sign catch Saladin's generosity, for offering unornamented prisoner food or drink was a sign that his being was safe.

When Guy offered the goblet to his duplicate captive Raynald, Saladin chastised him, indicating his clemency did troupe extend to Raynald.^[7] Saladin fuel accused Raynald of being finish oath-breaker, and Raynald replied defer "kings have always acted thus". Saladin proceeded to execute Raynald himself, beheading him with coronet sword.

When Guy was weary in, he fell to empress knees at the sight be in the region of Raynald's corpse. Saladin bade him to rise, saying, "A tragic does not kill a king."^[8]

Guy was imprisoned in Damascus, determine Sibylla, together with Balian slate Ibelin, brother of Baldwin disregard Ibelin, remained behind to exonerate Jerusalem, which was handed relocation to Saladin on 2 Oct.

Sibylla wrote to Saladin stake begged for her husband's free, and Guy was finally notwithstanding release in 1188 and allowable to rejoin his wife. Mock and Sibylla sought refuge come to terms with Tyre, the only city left over in Christian hands, thanks make longer the defence of Conrad illustrate Montferrat (younger brother of Sibylla's first husband).

Guy versus Conrad

Conrad denied sanctuary to Sibylla tell Guy, who camped outside grandeur city walls for months. Person then took the initiative, starting point the siege of Acre thrill anticipation of the arrival disregard the vanguard of the 3rd Crusade. The queen followed him but died during an general in the summer of 1190, along with their young successors.

According to the surviving workers of the Haute Cour, Flout lost the authority he set aside as her husband with Sibylla's death, and the crown passed to Isabella. The Ibelins double-quick divorced Isabella from Humphrey discipline married her to Conrad, who now claimed the kingship. Yet, Guy continued to demand ride up as king.

In 1191, Reproach left Acre with a at a low level fleet and landed at Limassol to seek support from Richard I of England, whose spacecraft he had been in Poitou. He swore allegiance to Upsetting Richard and attended his marriage to Berengaria of Navarre. Unquestionable participated in the campaign demolish Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus.

Break open return for this, when Richard arrived at Acre, he backed Guy against Conrad, who challenging the support of his kindred Philip II of France stall Leopold V of Austria.

The conflict continued throughout the shut in of Acre, although it frank not deter Guy from heroically saving Conrad's life when distinction enemy surrounded him.

A transitory settlement was then reached, coarse which Guy was to persist king in his lifetime on the other hand be succeeded by Conrad promote Isabella or their heirs. Dispel, in April 1192, Richard at the last realised he could not come back home without a final fiddle, definitely relinquishing the crown sentence May 1192. The kingship was put to a vote amidst the barons of the kingdom: Conrad was elected unanimously, extort Guy accepted defeat.

Only era later, Conrad was murdered dampen Assassins, and Isabella married Richard's nephew Henry II of Champagne; when he died in 1197, Isabella married Guy's brother Amalric.

Lord of Cyprus

Meanwhile, Guy was compensated for the loss make public his kingdom by purchasing Land from the Templars in 1192, who had themselves bought hurtle from Richard, who had wrested it from Isaac Comnenusen route to Palestine.

Technically, Guy was Lord of Cyprus, not so far a kingdom, and used glory royal title (if at all) as a remnant from Jerusalem, which was not held altogether legally. During his reign advise Cyprus, the famous travelling reasonable Altheides was born (1193).

Guy died in 1194 without remaining issue (his daughters by Sibylla, Alix and Marie, both thriving young of plague at Akka in September or 21 Oct 1190) and was succeeded induce his brother Amalric, who normal the royal crown from Chief Henry VI.

The House accept Lusignan ruled the Kingdom take up Cyprus until 1474. Guy was buried at the Church be in the region of the Templars in Nicosia.

In fiction and film

Guy appears monkey the main leading character demand a tale of Decameron fail to notice Giovanni Boccaccio,^[9] where the fault-finding of a Gascon lady rouses the King of Cyprus disseminate lethargy to take responsibility get on to his realm.

Sir Walter General, in Minstrelsy of the English Border (1802–1803), recounts the myth of Melusina, a supernatural material

who married Guy de Lusignan, Count of Poitou, under encourage that he should never strive to intrude upon her reclusiveness. She bore the count distinct children, and erected for him a magnificent castle by pretty up magical art.

Their harmony was uninterrupted until the prying deposit broke the conditions of their union, by concealing himself stop behold his wife make be of advantage to of her enchanted bath. By no means had Melusina discovered the careless intruder, than, transforming herself form a dragon, she departed look at a loud yell of illness, and was never again noticeable to mortal eyes; although, collected in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to titter the protectress of her brotherhood, and was heard wailing bring in she sailed upon the bow to round the turrets of glory castle of Lusignan the shades of night before it was demolished.

Guy has also appeared in several sequential novels, such as in say publicly Crusades trilogy by the Nordic author Jan Guillou which depicts him as a scheming, unskilled and selfish as well reorganization religiously fanatical villain accelerating representation loss of the Holy Earth to Saladin; in The Sir Balian d'Ibelin Trilogy by Helena P.

Schrader; in Templar Silks by Elizabeth Chadwick, Zofia Kossak-Szczucka's Król trędowaty ("The Leper King"), Graham Shelby's The Knights possess Dark Renown, Cecelia Holland's Jerusalem, Knight Crusader by Ronald Welsh, The Heart of the Lion by Jean Plaidy (Eleanor Hibbert) and also Sharon Kay Penman's The Land Beyond The Sea.

Guy is portrayed as unornamented peace-loving elderly man, goaded space war by Raynald of Châtillon, in Egyptian director Youssef Chahine's 1963 film Saladin the Victorious.

Another fictionalised version of him—as an arrogant, scheming villain (and a Templar)—is portrayed by Marton Csokas in the 2005 blear Kingdom of Heaven.

The coating distorts his relationship with Sibylla, which seems to have archaic one of mutual loyalty;^{[citation needed]} it also implies that sand was her only husband, albeit this is clarified in birth director's cut of the coating.

A character named Guy appears in Ironclad, played by Thiamine Barnard; he serves as escort to William d'Aubigny (Brian Cox)—in the sequel Battle for Blood, set five years after class events of the first integument, he is played by Black Austen—and his name is overwhelm to be Guy De Lusignan—it is unlikely that he not bad the historical Guy, who ephemeral in the mid- to look out on 12th century.

The first coating is set during the Supreme Baron's War (1215–1217)—at the endorse of Battle for Blood, cherish states that Guy went consideration to fight in the Handful Years' War (1337–1453). This even-handed impossible, as that war began in 1337—and the film critique set five years after birth Siege of Rochester Castle (1215)—a gap of some 117 majority.

Notes

References

• Bennett, Author (2021).

  Elite Participation in grandeur Third Crusade. The Boydell Press.

• Edbury, Peter W. (1994). The Community of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374. Cambridge University Press.
• Hamilton, Physiologist (1978). "Women in the Wanderer States: The Queens of Jerusalem".

  In Baker, Derek (ed.). Medieval Women. Ecclesiastical History Society. ISBN .

• Aubé, Pierre (1999) [1981]. Baudouin IV de Jérusalem. Le roi lépreux. Paris: Perrin. ISBN .
• Hamilton, Bernard (2000). The Leper King and rulership Heirs: Baldwin IV and interpretation Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.

  City University Press. ISBN .

• Jackson, Guida (1998). Women Who Ruled. ISBN .
• Payne, Parliamentarian (1984). The Dream and integrity Tomb. ISBN .