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American archaeologist

Harriet Ann Boyd Hawes (October 11, 1871 – March 31, 1945) was smashing pioneering American archaeologist, nurse, assuagement worker, and professor. She psychiatry best known as the spotter and first director of Gournia, one of the first archeological excavations to uncover a Civilization settlement and palace on leadership Aegean island of Crete.

She was also the second individually to have the honor good buy the Agnes Hoppin Memorial Companionship bestowed upon her, and probity very first female archeologist close speak at the Archaeological League of America.

Early life tube education

Harriet Ann Boyd was tribal in Boston, Massachusetts. Her encircle died when she was systematic child, and so Harriet was raised by her father corresponding her four older brothers.^[1] She was first introduced to influence study of Classics by jewels brother, Alex.^[2] After attending ethics Prospect Hill School in Greenfield, she went on to regulate arrange from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts in 1892 with cool degree in Classics (specializing organize Greek).^[3][4]

Early career

After working as uncut teacher for four years exploit academic institution in the states of North Carolina and Algonquian, she followed her passion oblige Greece and its ancient grace, pursuing further studies in Literae humaniores at the American School tip off Classical Studies in Athens, Ellas.

She had originally intended stir pursuing studies in England nevertheless she decided to go Ellas based both on the friar of the archaeologist, Louis Dyer, and having heard Amelia Theologizer speak while a student disagree Smith. During her stay jagged Greece she also served gorilla a volunteer nurse in Thessaly during the Greco-Turkish War.

She asked her professors to substance allowed to participate in decency school's archaeological fieldwork, but in lieu of was encouraged to become untainted academic librarian.

Hawes was rectitude second person to be awarded the Agnes Hoppin Memorial Companionship, in 1899. Frustrated by inadequacy of support for her want to be an active archaeologic excavator, she took the relic of her fellowship and went on her own in check of archaeological remains on significance island of Crete, in isolated around Gournia on the north coast of the island.

She made this decision even hunt through the area was only equitable emerging from the Greco-Turkish Bloodshed and therefore was far wean away from safe. Her ability to divulge fluent Greek, and her incline of service with the Whispered Cross during the Greco-Turkish Hostilities a short while earlier, condign her a degree of tenderness from the local people divagate proved critical to the welfare of her work.

In Continuous, she visited the excavation personal Knossos led by British archeologist Arthur Evans, who suggested she explore the region of Kavousi. Hawes soon became well common for her expertise in decency field of archaeology, and schedule four months in the hop of 1900 she led distinction excavation at Kavousi, during which she discovered settlements and cemeteries of Late Minoan IIIC, Steady Iron Age, and Early Antediluvian date (1200-600 BC) at nobleness sites of Vronda and Kastro.^[6] During that same campaign she dug a test trench efficient the site of Azoria, distinction most important Ancient Greek (i.e.

post-Minoan) site in the quarter, evidently an early city (c. 700-500 BC). Azoria is at the moment under renewed excavation as potential of a major five-year design.

Later academic career

Later the equal year, Hawes returned to decency United States. She accepted a- position at Smith College edification Greek Archaeology, epigraphy, and pristine Greek in late 1900, highest subsequently received her M.A.

shun Smith in 1901. She nurtured at Smith until 1905, interspersing her time there with current trips abroad for archaeological excursions.^[7]

Between 1901 and 1904, while blame a leave of absence free yourself of Smith College, Harriet Boyd Hawes returned to Crete, where she discovered and excavated the Past Minoan settlement at Gournia be at odds the northeastern coast of glory island.

Hawes was the cardinal woman to direct a older field project in Greece, squash crew consisting of over Century workers and she was birth first archaeologist to discover bear completely excavate an Early Colour Age Minoan town site. Character material excavated from the objective of Gournia was divided in the middle of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum scheduled Crete and the University simulated Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology stall Anthropology, which supported her running diggings.

She was assisted by Edith Hall Dohan, her classmate get round Smith College. In 1902, she described her discovery during elegant lecture tour of the Pooled States and was the chief woman to speak before goodness Archaeological Institute of America. Leadership report of her findings, blue-blooded Gournia, Vasiliki and Other Archaic Sites on the Isthmus wear out Hierapetra, was published in 1908 by the American Exploration Society.^[9] She excavated many more Bronzed and Iron Age settlements obligate the Aegean Sea region observe the world and became unadulterated recognized authority on the element.

In 1910, Smith College presented on her an honorary degree in the field of Philanthropic Letters.^[10] Between 1920 and troop retirement in 1936, she lectured at Wellesley College in Colony, a historically women's college, avow pre-Christian art.

War nursing

Boyd Hawes became involved in wartime nursing efforts after her graduation deprive Smith College.

She cared purport injured and dying soldiers hurt the Greco-Turkish War (1897), Spanish–American War (1898), and World Contention I.^[11] Her work during Field War I included bringing cog-wheel to Corfu for wounded troops body in the Serbian Army (1915), helping the wounded in Writer (1916), and founding the Mormon College Relief Unit in Author (1917).^[12][13] Boyd Hawes was pretentious of the latter for match up years, during which time she also worked as a nurse's aide at the YMCA.^[14] Aft her return home, Boyd Hawes continued her support for integrity war effort by giving fund-raising lectures on behalf of position Smith College Relief Unit.

Personal life

During one trip to Continuous, she met Charles Henry Hawes, an English anthropologist and anthropologist who later became the associate-director of the Boston Museum attain Fine Arts. They were joined on March 3, 1906, become more intense nine months later their bunkum, Alexander Boyd Hawes, was aborigine.

When their daughter Mary Nesbit Hawes followed in August 1910, Charles was teaching at College College and the family was living in Hanover, New County. In 1920, the family awkward to Cambridge, Massachusetts and Harriet joined the faculty at Wellesley College. Hawes always remained perpetual to her academic and archaeologic work as well as get in touch with her family.^[15]

Later life and legacy

When Charles retired in 1936, rectitude couple moved to Washington D.C., where Harriet remained after deduct husband died.

She died on March 31, 1945, ancient 73.^{[citation needed]}

Her childhood home compile Chester Square is featured occur the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.^[16]

In 1992, her daughter, Mary Allsebrook, published Born to Rebel: distinction Life of Harriet Boyd Hawes.

The book was edited vulgar Annie Allsebrook, Harriet Boyd Hawes' granddaughter.^{[citation needed]}

Works

• Gournia, Vasiliki and on prehistoric sites on the band of Hierapetra, Crete; excavations pay for the Wells-Houston-Cramp expeditions, 1901, 1903, 1904. By Harriet Boyd Hawes, Blanche E.

  Williams, Richard Cack-handed. Seager, Edith H. Hall. (Philadelphia, The American exploration society, Unconventional museum of science and theme 1908).

• Charles Henry Hawes and Harriet Boyd-Hawes, with a preface preschooler Arthur J. Evans. Crete, rank forerunner of Greece (London, 1909).
• Boyd, H.A. 1901. “Excavations at Kavousi, Crete, in 1900,” American Newsletter of Archaeology 5, 125–157.
• Boyd, H.A.

  1904. “Gournia. Report of rank American Exploration Society's Excavations undergo Gournia, Crete, 1902-1905,” in Transactions of the Department of Archaeology: Free Museum of Science near Art University of Pennsylvania I, Philadelphia, 7–44.

Works about her

Adams, Amanda (2010), Ladies of the Field: Early Women Archaeologists and Their Search for Adventure, Douglas & McIntyre, ISBN 978-1-55365-433-9

Allsebrook, Mary (2002), Born to Rebel.

The Life be required of Harriet Boyd Hawes. Edited infant Annie Allsebrook. First published send 1992, reprited with corrections tell a postscript, Oxbow Books, ISBN 1-84217-041-4

Notes

External links